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1. Hazarganji Chiltan National Park was established in 1978.

2. largest National Park in Pakistan Hingol National Park.

3. Second largest National Park in Pakistan kirthar national park.

4. Conifer trees (pine, spruce, fur, etc.) use their pinecones

5. There are 9 criteria for identifying Wetlands of International Importance.

6. Endemic species: e.g. Galapagos fauna

7. The anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac has been identified as the cause of mortality.

8. The deliberate movement of organisms from one site for “release”in another.

9. bones of leopard cat are used in some traditional Asian medicines.

10. Jungle Cat Body color sandy grey.

11. Brown Bear Sexual maturity: 4.5 to 7 years of age.

12. Barking Deer weighs about 22-25 kg.

13. Urial subspecie Ovis orientalis punjabiensis Locally called as Punjabi Dunba.

14. Capra Body length 52 inches, 4.4 feet.

15. Foxes are Omnivorousmammals.

16. Civets are related to cats but are distinguished by their longer head and jaws.

17. The yellow throated marten is considerably larger in size than the stone marten.

18. Koklass Sexes are moderately dimorphic.

19. Chukor eggs hatch in about 23–25 days

20. Kingfisher Long term declines are thought to be due to chemical and biological river pollution.

21. For the maintenance of hygienic conditions, each zoo shall have the graveyardwhere carcasses of dead animals can be buried

22. Death of the animals in the zoo with reason of death identified on the basis of • Post-mortem reports • Diagnostic tests.

23. A master plan should be made for the next 5 to 25 years.

24. Snow leopards There are 6000 approximately snow leopards in the wild.

25. Snow leopards Thick fur patterned with markings is the perfect camouflage for their rocky habitat, allowing them to stalk their prey.

26. Panther Coat ranges from tawny or light yellow in warm, dry habitats to reddish-orange in dense forests.

27. Wild ass Poaching for meat, hides and fat, is believed to have apparent medicinalproperties.

28. The name ‘Argali' is the Mongolian word for wild sheep.

29. Musk deer can refer to any one, or all seven, of the species that make up Moschus, the only extant genus of the family Moschidae.

30. Indus Dolphin Navigation, by echolocation system

31. Woolly Flying Squirrel is Native: Pakistan

32. Hog Deer is fully protected in • Bangladesh • India

33. Wild life is natural renewable resource with a great importance throughout world.

34. In Pakistan presently there are 99 Wildlife Sanctuaries. IUCN recognized number of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan 66.

35. Ayubia National Park supports 31 species of mammals.

36. Kilik/Mintaka Game Reserve lies along the border with China.

37. Astore Wildlife Sanctuary id located in Gilgit– Baltistan, Pakistan

38. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk.

39. Sakers have sharp, curved talons, used primarily for grasping prey.

40. Translocation is the human-mediated movement of living organisms from one area, with release in another.

41. The leopard cat looks like a miniature, longlegged and more slender version of a leopard.

42. Bear bile has been an important component of traditional medicine in Eastern Asia for millennia.

43. Yield of the musk is only about 25 grams.

44. If any animal is found sick, injured or unduly stressed the matter shall be reported to the veterinary officer.

45. Tragopans are commonly called "horned pheasants".

46. Kingfisher have a cosmopolitandistribution.

47. Pakistan has 29 Protected Areas known as National Parks.

48. Worldwide there are now over 40,000 dams.

49.

50. klilmintaka... china boarder

51. Astore wildlife sanctuary... Baltistan

52. Not a scavenger... Eagle

53. Death of the animals in the zoo with reason of death identified on the basis of •Post-mortem reports

54. master plan 5-25 years

55. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk

56. There are as few as 6000 approximately snow leopards in the wild

57. Sakershave sharp, curved talons, used primarily for grasping prey.

58. wolly flying squirrel... Pakistan

59. Translocationis the human-mediated movement of living organisms from one area, with release in another.

60. miniature, long-legged and more slender version of a leopard..... Leopard Cat

61. Brown Bear Sexual maturity: 4.5 to 7 years of age.

62. Bear bile has been an important component of traditional medicine in Eastern Asia

63. Musk deer can refer to any one, or all seven, of the species that make up Moschus,

64. Yield of the musk is only about 25 grams

65. urial Locally called as Punjabi Dunba

66. Civets are related to cats

67. yellow throated marten is considerably larger in size

68. zoo shall have the graveyard where carcasses of dead animals can be buried.

69. If any animal is found sick, injured or unduly stressed the matter shall be reported to the veterinary

70. Koklasheasants Sexes are moderately dimorphic

71. Argali' is the Mongolian word

72. Navigation, by echolocation system

73. wild life sancutiries in pak—99

74. Chukor eggs hatch in about 23–25 days

75. Tragopans are commonly called "horned pheasants

76. Kingfisher They have a cosmopolitan distribution

77. national park in pakistan--29

78. Worldwide there are now over 40,000 dams

79. Kilik/Mintaka Game Reserve lies along the border with China

80. Astore wildlife sanctuary contiguous to Baltistan

81. barking deer weights _(22-25kg)

82. normal work of wild life --------es ka answer ni mje ata tha

#MCQs
1.Bones of Leopard cat are used in some traditional ____________ medicine : (Asian)
2.Wild life is natural ____________ with a great importance : (according to me renewable resource)
a) non-renewable resource
b) renewable resource
c) forest resource
d) abiotic resource
3.reason of death identify on the basis of ____________ :(post mortem)
4.in brown bear sexual maturity is from ____________ of age: (4.5-7 years)
5. IUCN recognized ____________ game reserves in pakistan
6.ayubia national park support ____________ species of mammals:(31)
7.barking deer weighs ____________:(22-25kg)
8.capra body length is ____________ :(52 inches)
9.body color of jungal cat(sandy grey)
10.hog deer protected in ____________:(Bangladesh)
11.the name of argoli is a_______ (Mongolian word) for sheep
12.sexes in koklass is _______(dimorphic)
Egg of chukor hatched in 23 to ____________ days :(25)
13. Wolly flying squirrel native to ____________:(pakistan)
14. The deliberate
movement of
organisms from one
site for ______in
another.(release)
15. Coat of panther is______ (tawny or light yellow)
16. _____fur patterned with
markings is the perfect
camouflage for their
rocky habitat:(thick)
#Questions:
2marks:
Why animal trapped?
What is animal enclosure ?
Scientific name of black buck?
3 marks:
Note on capra hircus?
Note on brown bear?
Note on Leopard cat?
Hygiene and feeding zoo rules?
5 marks:
Threats to wild ass?
Note onIndian pangolin?
Characteristics of male tragopan?
10 mark:
Leopard cat description?

long question 10 marks

Leopard Cat

Scientific Name: Prionailurus bengalensis

IUCN Red list Threat Status: Least concern

Description

The leopard cat looks like a miniature, long-legged and more slender version of a leopard. Body markings are like leopard; head with stripes.

Its fur varies highly in colour and markings according to the region. Generally spotted body fur coat

· In the tropicsFur is yellowish-brown with white underparts

· In the northernpart of the species’ range Greyish brown thick fur and are also larger and heavier than the ones in the south.

The size and shape of the black markings covering the body and limbs are also highly variable. The spots sometimes form lines along the neck and back. The irises are deep, golden brown to grey. Males are larger than females

· Body length 54-60 cm

· Weight 3-4 kg.

· Longevity: up to 13 years

· Litter size:2-3 cubs

Habitat and Ecology

Leopard Cats can occur in a wide variety of habitats. Tropical rainforest, Temperate coniferous forest, Shrub forest and successional grasslands. Leopard Cat does not occur in deep snow. It is not found in the cold steppe grasslands, and generally does not occur in arid, treeless areas. The Leopard Cat is predominantly nocturnal and crepuscular. Some diurnal activity has been recorded.

Distribution

The leopard cat occurs throughout most of India, West into Pakistan and Afghanistan. Its range extends into the Himalayan foothills across most of China. North to the Korean peninsula and into the Russian Far East. It is found in most of Southeast Asia: Thailand, Vietnam and China. On the islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Taiwan. On small islands off South Korea. The leopard cat is the only wild cat species which is native to Japan and the Philippines.

Threats

Leopard cat skins are commercially traded internationally for the fur trade, primarily coats. Skins are also used as decorations in some parts of its range. They are occasionally kept as pets. Sometimes taken from the wild. Sometimes from captive breeding. They have been interbred with domestic cats, particularly in the West, to make the popular Bengal breed. Their bones are used in some traditional Asian medicines

Conservation

Leopard Cat populations in Bangladesh, India and Thailand are listed on CITES Appendix I. All other populations are listed on Appendix II.

5marks questions

1. Indian Pangolin? 5

English Name: Scaly Ant eater

Scientific Name: Manis crassicaudata

National status: Vunerable

IUCN Red list Threat Status: Endangered

Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world

Description

The Indian Pangolin has Relatively tiny head, Hump-backed body. Thick tapering tail almost equal in length to its body. They are completely covered with scales. Made of keratin which is getting harden as the creatures get older.There is hardly any external ear.The hind legs are stout and rather columnar with five blunt pinkish white toe nails.

Habitat and Ecology

It occurs in various types of tropical forests as well as open land, grasslands. Degraded habitat, including in close proximity to villages. The species is thought to adapt well to modified habitats. Provided its ant and termite prey remains abundant. The animal is Solitary, Nocturnal, Burrow-dwelling. During mating season, adult males and females share the same burrow. Females usually give birth to one young. Gestation period of 165 days. Longevity in the wild is unknown. In captivity it has been recorded up to 13 years 2 months. This species is arboreal in some habitats, and is a good climber, using its prehensile tail and claws to climb trees

Distribution

Native:

India, Nepal, Pakistan

Mangla,Potohar and Salt Range across Indus south to near Karachi and northward in the mountainous areas upto Kallat

· Sri Lanka

· Possibly extinct:

· Bangladesh

Threats

Primarily threatened by Hunting, Poaching (for meat and scales), Illegal international trade. Up to 100,000 pangolins are estimated to be hunted and sold every year its meat is consumed as a source of protein locally. The meat is considered a delicacy in China, Vietnam and other parts of south-east Asia. Scales are used in whole or powdered form in the preparation of traditional medicines. An increase in the Agrarian economy Improved irrigation. The use of pesticides comprise additional threats to this species. Occasionally killed out of fear for having an odd shape

Conservation Actions

The species is included in CITES Appendix II. It is protected by National legislation in

· Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China

It is widely distributed and present in a number of protected areas. There is a need for further research into current population levels, ecology, biology and natural history of this species throughout its known range to prevent poaching.

2. What are serious threats to wild ass? 5marks

Scientific Name: Equus hemionus

National status: Critically Endangered

IUCN Red list Threat Status: Near threatened

Description

The Indian wild ass are significantly larger than donkeys 200-290 kg in size, 2.1-2.5 m in head-body length.

Threats

1. Illegal trade seems to happen primarily on a national level.

2. Poaching for meat, hides and fat, is believed to have apparent medicinal properties.

3. Overgrazing by livestock reduces food availability, and herders also reduce the availability of water at springs. The cutting down of nutritious shrubs and bushes exacerbates the problem.

4. A series of drought years could have devastating effects on this species

5. Habitate fragmentation is a particular concern in Mongolia as result of the increasingly dense network of infrastructure

3. Explain urial and it's sub species ? 5marks

Urial & Sub Species

Prominent species in Pakistan

· Ovis ammon (Marcopolo sheep)

· Ovis orientalis (Urial)

Ovis orientalis

Urial is a wild sheep with long legs and relatively small horns, native to central Asia. Urial is represented by three sub species in Pakistan.

Ovis orientalis vignei Ladakh Urial or Shapu

Fur tends to be more greyish in winter and less red. The chest ruff is comparatively short with black hairs predominating. The horns turn markedly inwards at their tips

Distribution:

Found in Chitral & Northern areas. On mountains upto 3000 meters elevation

Status: Endangered

Ovis orientalis blandfordi

Afghan or Baluchistan Urial. Luxuriantly developed neck ruff. The body fur is reddish. The rams have horns which often develop more than a complete arc. Tips of horn bending slightly outwards

Distribution:

Found in Sindh, Baluchistan and Southern hilly regions of KPK.

Status:Endangered

Ovis orientalis punjabiensis

Locally called as Punjabi Dunba. Tend to be smaller and stokier in build compared with the Afghan sub-species. Mature rams develop mixed black and white hairs. Horns are more massive at their base than the Afghan population. Horns never curve round in more than a complete arc.

Distribution:

Occurs in between the Indus and Jhelum rivers at elevations of 250 -1,500 m

· Salt range

· Kala Chitta

· Jhelum hills.

Status: Endangered

Threat:

The status of Punjab urial is susceptible to physical and emotional injury.

Reasons for Decline in numbers

· Poaching

· The capture of newborn lambs that are kept as pets

· Fragmentation of home ranges

· Competition with domestic livestock

Habitat disturbance and destruction associated with increasing agriculture, forestry and mining. The construction of the M-2 Motorway between Islamabad and Lahore created a substantial barrier to seasonal migrations and to dispersal.

4. Note on malenocephalus tragopan 5

PPT 198-199: Tragopan

.:tragopan is a bird

Facts:

Tragos= goat

Pan=Greek god

Tragopans are commonly called "horned pheasants" Having two brightly colored, fleshy horns on their heads. They can erect during courtship displays. There are five recognized species of tragopans.

· Western tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus)

· Satyr tragopan (Tragopan satyra)

· Temminck's (tragopan Tragopan temminckii)

· Blyth's tragopan (Tragopan blythii)

· Cabot's tragopan (Tragopan caboti)

1. Tragopan melanocephalus

Syn: Western Tragopan , Black-headed Tragopan, Western Horned-pheasant

Description:

Medium sized pheasant. Sexes are highly dimorph. Male grey upper parts and reddish facial skin numerous white spots. Each spot bordered with black and deep crimson patches on the sides and back of the neck. The throat is bare with blue skin while the bare facial skin is red. They have a small black occipital crest.

· Weighs 1.8–2.2 kg (4.0–4.9 lb)

· Length from 55–60 cm (22–24 in)

Females have pale brownish-grey upper parts finely vermiculated. Spotted with black, and most of the feathers have black patches and central white streaks.

· Weigh 1.25–1.4 kg (2.8–3.1 lb).

· Length 48–50 cm (19–20 in).

· Monogamous

Feeding Habit

The diet primarily consists of leaves of trees and shrubs. Also includes roots, flowers, acorns, seeds, berries, grubs and insects. Tragopans are shy and wary birds quick to hide amongst the dense vegetation they inhabit if disturbed.

Distribution

Native:India , Pakistan

Found in western Himalayas, between 8000-12000 from hazara eastward to Garhwali- ladakh

IUCN Status: Vulnerable

Distribution in Pakistan

· Largely restricted to area between Jhelum and Kunhar rivers of Hazara district

· Forest of Kaghan valley, in Machiara National park (A.K)

· Pales valley in Cholistan district

Threats

Hunting and trapping for

1. Its meat (especially in winter)

2. Its decorative plumage

3 marks questions

1.urial and Subspecies description? 3

repeated
2.Indian Spotted Eagle description? 3

PPT 140-141: Indian Spotted Eagle

Scientific Name: Clanga hastate

IUCN Red list Threat Status : Vulnerable

South Asian bird of prey.

Description

· A medium-sized eagle about 60 cm in length

· and has a wingspan of 150 cm with a short tail

· . Adults are essentially brown.

· The legs appear longer and thinner due to the tarsii being less thickly feathered.

· This species has a lighter coloration overall compared to its relatives with a darker iris that makes the eyes appear darker than the plumage

· The young birds are giving a spotted appearance glossy brown.

· Tips of the head and neck feathers being creamy.

· The upper tail coverts are light brown with white giving a barred appearance.

· The median coverts have large creamy spots. After about eighteen months the bird moults and becomes a darker shade and has less spots.

3.Capra description? 3

for information capra is genus of mammal is a goat

Capra:

Description:

Body length 52 inches, 4.4 feet have strong limbs terminating in broad hooves. Female and young male yellow brown to reddish grey. Male are beautiful with long horn, white hair in old age. Male have short beard, Female black beards.

Gestation period: 150-155 days, 5 months. Twins are common

Sexual maturity:About 3 years

Gregarious from large herds. Older male generally keep together. Wild goat wonderful has sense of balance and can make standing leap upwards.

Food: The leaves and bushes small shrubs and herbs.

4.Threats to Sand Dune Cat? 3

Threats

Habitat degradation and loss are considered to be the major threats to the Sand Cat. Many areas are also more heavily frequed by humans, their domestic animals and commensals (i.e. red fox, Vulpes vulpes.

· Arid ecosystems are being rapidly converted.

· Infrastructural development

· Human settlement and activity

· Degradation occur through livestock grazing

· They are also killed in retaliation for killing chickens or Houbara and MacQueen's bustard

· Locally, Sand Cats may be threatened by the pet trade. In Iran, Sand Cats are reported to get killed by shepherd dogs and trapped in snares set for other species.

· Desert ecosystems, caused a decline in prey base. Introduction of feral and domestic dogs and cats creating direct competition for prey and through predation and disease transmission. They are also killed in traps laid out by inhabitants of oases targeting Red Fox, Rüppel’s Fox and Golden Wolf (jackal) Canis anthus.

Conservation Action

Hunting of this species is prohibited in many countries including its native countries. On the African continent, the Sand Cat inhabits several protected areas. Captive breeding populations exist in the range country.

6. what are conservation strategies for kingfisher ? 3 marks

Conservation Actions Underway

· Bern Convention Appendix II.

· EU Birds Directive Annex I.

· There are no known current conservation measures for this species within its European range.

Conservation Actions proposed

· Preservation of rivers and streams must be mediated through industry, agriculture and water authorities

· Research to investigate the importance of individual threats and mitigation measures against all the factors.

7. Feeding habits of common peafowl.

Feeding habit

Omnivorous:

· Grain and green crops to insects

· Small reptiles

· Mammals

· Berries

· Termite

· Grasshopper

· Ants and beetles.

· Roots in high fairly open trees in large number.

8. Note on barking deer.

PPT-165: Barking Deer

Muntjacs

Muntiacus muntja

Cervus moschatus

Cervus muntjak

IUCN Red list Threat Status: Least concern

It gives calls similar to barking, usually upon sensing a predator. Hence the common name for all muntjacs of "barking deer

Description:

It is a little dainty creature and weighs about 22-25 kg. Coloration varies from deep brown to yellowish with creamy or whitish markings. Only males have antlers. The upper canines of the male are elongated into tusks, which curve strongly outward from the lips. Females also develop small tusks in the upper jaw. Capable of inflicting sever injuries with these tusks, when defending themselves or their fawns. Two bony ridges are present in the front part of the skull.

Feeding habit:

Diet includes grasses, low growing leaves, tender shoots and fruits.

Distribution

Native:Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand

Regionally extinct:Singapore

Pakistan:Confined to Himalayan foothills. Commonly found in Margala hills, Swat and Azad Kashmir.

Threats

Generally Muntjac is an important source of bushmeat. Selected body parts and the foetus are also used in traditional medicine. Individuals are usually killed during, or shortly after, their capture. Foothold snares are commonly used as well as spears and firearms. Dogs are often employed.

10. Threats to sand dune cat.

repeated

11. Explain feeding habits of barking deer ? 3marks

repeated

12. Explain hygiene and feeding in zoo ? 3marks

PPT-102: Hygiene & Feeding

Maintenance of hygiene is important in every walk of life.

• Every zoo shall have ensure timely supply of wholesome and unadulterated food.

• The food must be in sufficient quantity to each animal according to the requirement of the individual animal, so that no animal remains undernourished.

• Every zoo shall have provide for a proper waste disposal system for treating both the solid and liquid wastes generated in the zoo.

• All leftover food items and animal excreta shall be removed from each enclosure regularly.

• Waste disposal should be done in a congenial manner to general cleanliness of the zoo.

• The zoo operators shall make available round the clock supply of potable water for drinking purposes in each enclosure.

• The periodic application of disinfectants in each enclosure shall be made according to the direction of authorized veterinary officer of zoo.

• For the maintenance of hygienic conditions, each zoo shall have the graveyard where carcasses of dead animals can be buried.

• This would not affecting the hygiene and cleanliness of zoo

• The large and medium zoo shall have an incinerator for disposal of the carcasses and other refuse material

2 marks short questions

1. Onus proof

According to the features of wildlife act

Onus of Proof

• When in any proceedings taken under this Act.

• Wild animal, trophy or meat shall be presumed to be the property of until the contrary is proved.

2. Scientific name of black buck

Scientific Name: Antelope cervicapra

3. Threats to Snow leopard? 2

Major threats to snow leopards

1. Poaching

Snow leopards have long been killed for their Beautiful fur, Bones, Body parts, Traditional Asian Medicine.

2. Conflict with communities

Retaliation for attacking herders’ livestock. Decline in the leopard’s natural prey is forcing them to rely more on livestock for food and increasing the risk of retaliatory killings. Due to hunting, competition from increasing livestock herds, and habitat loss.

3. Shrinking home: Snow leopards need vast areas to thrive. Expanding human and livestock populations are rapidly encroaching on their habitat. New roads and mines are also fragmenting their remaining range.

4. Changing climate

All the threats will be exacerbated by the impact of climate change on the fragile mountain environment. Hence, putting the future of snow leopards at even greater risk.

5. Lack of effective law enforcement.

4. World most traded animals ?2

· Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world

· Leopard cat skins are commercially traded internationally for the fur trade,

5. How many species of Martens? 2

· Stone marten (Martes foina)

· Yellow throated marten (Martes flavigula)

6. How many wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan? 2

In Pakistan presently there are 99 Wildlife Sanctuaries. IUCN recognized number of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan.

7. Tell the name of largest national park of Pakistan ? 2marks

Hingol National Park

8. Explain animal enclosure? 2marks

Essential features regarding animal enclosures are:

• All animal enclosures in zoo shall be so designed as to fully ensure the safety of

i.Animals

ii.Caretakers

iii.Visitors

• Stand of barriers and adequate warning signs shall be provided for keeping the visitors at a safe distance from animals.

• All animal enclosures in a zoo shall be so designed as the meet the full biological requirements of the animals housed therein.

• The enclosures shall be of such size as to ensure that the animals get space for their free movement and exercise.

• Within herds and groups animals are not unduly dominated by individuals

• The zoo operators shall endeavor to stimulate the conditions of the natural habitat of the animal in the enclosure as closely as possible.

• Proper arrangement of drainage of excess of water and arrangements for removal of excreta and residual water from enclosure

• The enclosures housing the endangered mammalian species shall have feeding and retiring cubicle/cell of minimum dimensions.

• Each cubicle/cell/ shall have resting, feeding drinking water and exercising facilities, according to the biological needs of the species.

• The proper ventilation and lighting for the comfort and well being of the animals shall be provided in each cell/ cubicle/enclosure.

• Designing of any new enclosure for the endangered species shall be finalized in consultation with Species Specialists.

9. Tell the scientific name of wild goat ? 2marks

scientific name is Capra aegagrus

Prominent genera of goats in Pakistan

· Naemorhedus

· Hemitragus

· Pseudois

· Capra

10. Write short note on leopard cat ? 3marks

repeated

11. Scientific name of domestic goat.2

Capra aegagrus hircus

12. Two names of dams

Mangla and terbela dam

13. How herbicides and pesticides effect the endangered species.2

to provide natural food to animal if spray are done to kill pest or un dew herbs it may cause problems to endangered species as they may die.

14. game reserve

Definition:

“A game reserve is an area wherein controlled hunting and shooting is permitted on permit basis”

A game reserve (wildlife preserve) is a large area of land where wild animals live safelyor are hunted in a controlled way for sport.

§ In the game reserves the major focus is specifically the animals.

§ If hunting is prohibited, a game reserve may be considered a ”Nature Reserve”

§ Wherein all aspects of naturally-occurring life in the area are considered.

§ Most of the areas in game reserves have created to provide habitat protection for animal species commonly referred to as game (huntable species for sport or meat)

15. 4 national park

· Kirthar National Park

· Hingol national park

· Lal Suhanra National Park

· Hazarganji Chiltan National Park

· Ayubia National Park

· Khunjerab National Park

16. maintenance of zoo

General guidelines that zoo administration must follow for its maintenance

• No zoo shall acquire any animal in violation of Wildlife Act.

• No zoo shall exhibit any animal that is seriously sick or injured.

• No zoo shall use any animal, other than the elephant in plains and yak in hilly areas for riding purposes.

• Each zoo shall be closed to visitors at least once a week.

• Each zoo shall have a wall at least two meters high from the ground level.

• No zoo shall have any residential complexes for the staff within the main campus for the zoo.

• Such complexes, if any shall be separated from the main campus of the zoo by boundary wall with a minimum height of two meters from the ground level

• No zoo shall keep any animal chained or tethered unless doing so is essential for its own well being

• The zoo operators shall provide a clean and healthy environment in the zoo by planting trees, creating green belts and providing lawn and flowers bed etc.

• The built up area in any zoo shall not exceed twenty five percent of the total area of the zoo.

• The built up area includes administrative buildings, stores, hospitals, restaurants, visitors rest sheds, animal houses and pucca roads.

17. aesthetic imp of wildlife

It is the pleasure to enjoy the beauty of wildlife

• People enjoy seeing plants and animals in their natural habitats for recreation.

• They are a source of joy, wonder, and pleasure for many people.

• Wildlife tourism (ecotourism).

• Bird watching, is now a growing part of wildlife tourism.

• Animals photographed for recreational purposes also have aesthetic value.

• Exotic game ranches

• Viewing non-native species in a “near-native” habitat.

• Visiting Safari parks/zoo as recreational activity

• Visiting hilly areas for recreational purpose

18. rules of for administration of large zoo

Large zoo

At least one full time curator having the sole responsibility of looking after the upkeep of animals and maintenance of the animal enclosures. At least two full-time veterinarians.

19. what is wildlife

“Wildlife” refers to neither cultivated or domesticated nor tamed organisms.

Organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being intervened by humans.

Wild life is natural renewable resource with a great importance throughout world.

It comprises innumerous varieties of living organism in their natural habitats.

· Wild Plants

· Wild Animals

· Fungi

· Microorganisms

Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems.

· Deserts

· Forests

· Rain forests

· Plains

· Grasslands

20. experimental wild animals 2

Wild animals as Experimental Animals ‐

a. Monkeys, Rabbits, Guinea‐pigs, Rats etc.

21. threat to indian vultures 2

Threats

These vultures were being found dead and dying in Pakistan and throughout India. The anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac has been identified as the cause of mortality. Vultures are exposed to diclofenac and other NSAIDs through scavenging on the carcasses of largely cattle and buffalo that have been treated with the drugs prior to death and left for scavengers to consume. Hence likely contributory factors are

· Poisoning

· Pesticide use

· Conversion and disturbance of forested habitats within its range.

22. National Parks

Pakistan has 29 Protected Areas known as National Parks.

23. Chukar habitat

Habitat

Lives on barren rocky slopes with sparsely stunted grass and bushes. In winters, it comes down to an elevation of 1200-1500 m. Re ascends in summer to 2500 m.

24.Game reserves in Pakistan

There are 96 Game reserves in Pakistan

IUCN recognized 66 Game/Hunting reserves in Pakistan.

Why animal trapped

• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to rescue dolphins trapped in irrigation canals and return them to the Indus mainstem has had some success in reducing mortality

1. Capra hircus

Females are beardless but carry backward curving horns. Measure upto 15 cm and bear fine annulations towards their base. The younger males and females show a characteristic shape pattern with a dark stripe running from the corner of eye to the muzzle. Mature males are spectacularly beautiful and may have horns over one meter in length. In adults the hair coat is of reddish buff in color. The belly and the outside of lower limbs, beard and fore part of face varies from black to chestnut brown in color. The shoulder height. They are capable of surviving in very arid desert conditions. They inhabit mountain crests upto 3300 m.

· In males is 85 to 95 cm. In females 55 to 60 cm.

· The weight of adult Males up to 120 kg, Females 50 to 55 kg

Q1: Define Invasive species? 2
An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

Q2: Which animal is most traded? 2
Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world.

Q3: Habitat of Chukor 2
Lives on barren rocky slopes with sparsely stunted grass and bushes.

• In winters, it comes down to an elevation of 1200-1500 m

• Re ascends in summer to 2500 m.

Q4: Three rules for Zoo 3

Every zoo shall have one full-time officer incharge of the zoo. • The said officer shall be delegated adequate administrative and financial powers as may be necessary for proper upkeep and care of zoo.

Stand of barriers and adequate warning signs shall be provided for keeping the visitors at a safe distance from animals.

All leftover food items and animal excreta shall be removed from each enclosure regularly.

Q5: Threats to Snow Leopard 3

Poaching

Conflict with communities

Shrinking home

Changing climate

Lack of effective law enforcement

Q6: Feeding habit of common peafowl 3

Omnivorous: • Grain and green crops to insects • Small reptiles • Mammals • Berries • Termite • Grasshopper • Ants and beetles. • Roots in high fairly open trees in large number.

Q7: Threats to wild Ass 5

Illegal trade seems to happen primarily on a national level.

• Poaching for meat, hides and fat, is believed to have apparent medicinal properties.

• Overgrazing by livestock reduces food availability, and herders also reduce the availability of water at springs.

The cutting down of nutritious shrubs and bushes exacerbates the problem.

• A series of drought years could have devastating effects on this species

• Habitat fragmentation is a particular concern in Mongolia as result of the increasingly dense network of infrastructure

Q8: Note on Indian Pangolin 5

Scaly Ant eater Manis crassicaudata • Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world

Description

• The Indian Pangolin has • Relatively tiny head • Hump-backed body • Thick tapering tail almost equal in length to its body. They are completely covered with scales • Made of keratin which is getting harden as the creatures get older. • The scales bear fine longitudinal striation on their surface. There is hardly any external ear • The muzzle tapers to a narrow, down-curving snout. • The hind legs are stout and rather columnar with five blunt pinkish white toe nails.

It occurs in various types of tropical forests as well as open land • Grasslands • Degraded habitat, including in close proximity to villages • The species is thought to adapt well to modified habitats • Provided its ant and termite prey remains abundant.

Females usually give birth to one young • Gestation period of 165 days.

Longevity in the wild is unknown • In captivity it has been recorded up to 13 years 2 months

Q9: Characteristics of male Tragopan 5

Male grey upper parts and reddish facial skin • Numerous white spots • Each spot bordered with black and deep crimson patches on the sides and back of the neck. • The throat is bare with blue skin while the bare facial skin is red. • They have a small black occipital crest. • Weighs 1.8–2.2 kg (4.0– 4.9 lb) • Length from 55–60 cm (22–24 in).

Q10: Description of Leopard Cat 10

Prionailurus bengalensis

Description

• The leopard cat looks like a miniature, longlegged and more slender version of a leopard.

• Body markings are like leopard; head with stripes.

• Its fur varies highly in colour and markings according to the region.

• Generally spotted body fur coat

• In the tropics • Fur is yellowish brown with white under parts • In the northern part of the species’ range • Greyish brown thick fur and are also larger and heavier than the ones in the south

• The size and shape of the black markings covering the body and limbs are also highly variable • The spots sometimes form lines along the neck and back. • The irises are deep, golden brown to grey. • Males are larger than females

• Body length 54-60 cm • Weight 3-4 kg. • Longevity: up to 13 years • Litter size:2-3 cubs

Habitat and Ecology

• Leopard Cats can occur in a wide variety of habitats • Tropical rainforest • Temperate coniferous forest • Shrub forest and successional grasslands

Distribution

• The leopard cat occurs throughout most of India • West into Pakistan and Afghanistan • Its range extends into the Himalayan foothills • Across most of China • North to the Korean peninsula and into the Russian Far East.

Threats

• Leopard cat skins are commercially traded internationally for the fur trade, primarily coats. • Skins are also used as decorations in some parts of its range.

Conservation

• Leopard Cat populations in Bangladesh, India and Thailand are listed on CITES Appendix I

Q11: Write a note on Urial and its subspecies 5

Prominent species sheeps in Pakistan

• Ovis ammon (Marcopolo sheep) • Ovis orientalis • (Urial)

Ovis orientalis

• Urial is a wild sheep with long legs and relatively small horns, native to central Asia • Urial is represented by three sub species in Pakistan.

Ovis orientalis vignei Ladakh Urial or Shapu

• Fur tends to be more greyish in winter and less red. • The chest ruff is comparatively short with black hairs predominating. • The horns turn markedly inwards at their tips

Ovis orientalis blandfordi Afghan or Baluchistan Urial

• Luxuriantly developed neck ruff. • The body fur is reddish • The rams have horns which often develop more than a complete arc • Tips of horn bending slightly outwards

Ovis orientalis punjabiensis Locally called as Punjabi Dunba

• Tend to be smaller and stokier in build compared with the Afghan sub-species • Mature rams develop a conspicuous saddle mark in the form of a vertical band of mixed black and white hairs

• Horns are more massive at their base than the Afghan population • Horns never curve round in more than a complete arc.

Q12: Description of Indian Spotted eagle 3

Description

• A medium-sized eagle about 60 cm in length and has a wingspan of 150 cm with a short tail. • Adults are essentially brown • The legs appear longer and thinner due to the tarsii being less thickly feathered. • This species has a lighter coloration overall compared to its relatives • with a darker iris that makes the eyes appear darker than the plumage • The young birds are giving a spotted appearance • Glossy brown • Tips of the head and neck feathers being creamy.

• The upper tail coverts are light brown with white giving a barred appearance. • The median coverts have large creamy spots. • After about eighteen months the bird moults and becomes a darker shade and has less spots.

Q13: Capra Description 3

Description:

• Body length 52 inches, 4.4 feet

• Have strong limbs terminating in broad hooves.

• Female and young male

• Yellow brown to reddish grey

• Male are beautiful with long horn

• White hair in old age

• Male have short beard

• Female black beards • Gestation period: • 150-155 days, 5 months • Twins are common

• Sexual maturity • About 3 years • Gregarious from large herds. • Older male generally keep together

• Wild goat wonderful has sense of balance and can make standing leap upwards. • Food • The leaves and bushes small shrubs and herbs.

Q14: Threats Sand Dune Cat 3

• Habitat degradation and loss are considered to be the major threats to the Sand Cat.

• Many areas are also more heavily frequented by humans, their domestic animals and commensals (i.e. red fox, Vulpes vulpes)

• Arid ecosystems are being rapidly converted. • Infrastructural development • Human settlement and activity • Degradation occur through livestock grazing • Desert ecosystems, caused a decline in prey base.

• Introduction of feral and domestic dogs and cats • Creating direct competition for prey and through predation and disease transmission. • They are also killed in traps laid out by inhabitants of oases targeting Red Fox, Rüppel’s Fox and Golden Wolf (jackal) Canis anthus

• They are also killed in retaliation for killing chickens or Houbara and MacQueen's bustard • Locally, Sand Cats may be threatened by the pet trade • In Iran, Sand Cats are reported to get killed by shepherd dogs and trapped in snares set for other species.

Q15: How many Wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan? 2

In Pakistan presently there are 99 Wildlife Sanctuaries.

Q16: Name the Largest National Park of Pakistan 2

Hingol National Park is the largest in Pakistan

Q17: Explain animal Enclosure 2

Essential features regarding animal enclosures are: • All animal enclosures in zoo shall be so designed as to fully ensure the safety of • Animals • Caretakers • Visitors, • Stand of barriers and adequate warning signs shall be provided for keeping the visitors at a safe distance from animals.

• All animal enclosures in a zoo shall be so designed as the meet the full biological requirements of the animals housed therein. • The enclosures shall be of such size as to ensure that the animals get space for their free movement and exercise.

• Within herds and groups animals are not unduly dominated by individuals

Q18: Scientific name of Black Buck 2

Scientific Name: Antelope cervicapra

Q19: Scientific name of wild goat 2

Capra aegagrus

Q20: Feeding Habits of barking Deer 3

Diet includes grasses, low growing leaves, tender shoots and fruits.

Q21: Explain Hygiene and feeding in Zoo 3

Maintenance of hygiene is important in every walk of life. • Every zoo shall have ensure timely supply of wholesome and unadulterated food. • The food must be in sufficient quantity to each animal according to the requirement of the individual animal, so that no animal remains undernourished.

• Every zoo shall have provide for a proper waste disposal system for treating both the solid and liquid wastes generated in the zoo. • All left over food items and animal excreta shall be removed from each enclosure regularly.

• Waste disposal should be done in a congenial manner to general cleanliness of the zoo. • The zoo operators shall make available round the clock supply of potable water for drinking purposes in each enclosure.

• This would not affecting the hygiene and cleanliness of zoo • The large and medium zoo shall have an incinerator for disposal of the carcasses and other refuse material

Q22: How can we educate people about wildlife protection?

• At the formal level, schools, colleges and universities should include in the curriculum, the study of ecology, wildlife and conservation. • The creation of awareness and right attitude towards wildlife and their conservation.

• Active involvement of Mass media such as newspapers and magazines, radio and television. • Awareness among public about National parks and sanctuaries, zoological parks and natural history museums.

• Cinematography on wildlife and the necessity for conservation should be screened even to the remotest villages and to all classes of students, so that they develop love and affection towards wildlife.

Q23: How herbicides and pesticides can affect endangered species?

• Certain herbicides and pesticides are horrible pollutants that causing severe damage to the environment and animals dependent upon. • Find alternative ways to reduce negative effect on the wildlife in the area.

• These are hazardous pollutants that affect wildlife at many levels. • Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain.

• Predators such as hawks, owls and coyotes can be harmed if they eat poisoned animals. • Some amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants

Q24: Short note on Brown Bear

Ursus arctos Grizzly Bear

Description:

• Large animals • Dark in colour • Long guard hair over the shoulder • Characterized by a distinctive humps on shoulders • Long claws on the front paws

• Sexual maturity: 4.5 to 7 years of age. • Litter size ranges from one to four but two are common. • Cubs remain with their mothers for at least two and half years. • Female breed every three years.

Feeding habit:

• Chiefly vegetarian • Feed mostly on fruits, honey and ants. • Occasionally kill sheep and goat.

Threats

• Brown Bears are attracted to areas with available human-related foods • Being large and somewhat aggressive, these bears may threaten life and property (often agricultural products) and may be killed as a consequence

Conservation actins

• Conservation actions vary greatly among nations and regions within nations. • Large populations of this species are legally hunted, and thus managed as a game animal.

Q25: Why animals Trapped? 2

• Pets(cats etc.) • Sold for Medical experimental studies (Monkeys, Rabbits etc.) • For street shows, circuses (Bears,Parrots,Lions)

Q26: IUCN definition of National park

Large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes, which also provide a foundation for environmentally scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities.

Q27: Scientific name of domestic goat 2

Capra hircus

Q28: Not on Indus Dolphin 3

Description

• It has a long beak which thickens towards the tip, large teeth • Body is stocky with rounded belly • Flippers are large and paddle shaped • Forehead is steep • Poorly seeing eye

• Eye hasn't developed a lens, the dolphin still uses its eyes to differentiate between light and dark • Tail flukes are broad in relation to body size • Grey brown in colour, sometimes with a pinkish belly • Males smaller than females • Length 1.5 and 2.5m.

Habit & Habitat

•These dolphins favour silt laden, turbid waters of the Indus river system, • At temperature 8C° and 33C° •Deepest river channel •Deep, low-velocity water •Less common in secondary channels and small braids

Distribution Native

• India • Bangladesh • Nepal • Pakistan

Threats

• Human development • The construction of dams and dikes segments the populations reducing the mature individuals to mate • It also reduces their habitat because they cannot move freely through these structures.

Q29: What is Mintaka means 2

Mintaka means “ Thousand goats

Q30: Hingol National park location

It is located along the Makran coast in southwestern, Balochistan-Pakistan.

Q31: Why hunting of Markhor performed

Markhor hunting for trophy

Q32: Types of Marten

• Two species common to Pakistan are • Stone marten (Martes foina) • Yellow throated marten (Martes flavigula) • The stone marten has a dense fur coat of rich liver chestnut hue

Q33: What is onus proof 2

• When in any proceedings taken under this Act. • Wild animal, trophy or meat shall be presumed to be the property of until the contrary is proved.

Q34: How record in zoo is maintained
Every zoo shall keep the record of all animals in terms of their • Birth • Acquisitions • Sales • Disposals • Death
Every zoo shall prepare and maintain an inventory record • Zoo ID • Animal ID • Scientific name • Sex • Origin • Birth • Parents • Death • Out of stock
Every zoo shall prepare and maintain a daily record : • Health • Behavior • Feed and Feeding • Management • Health Care • Problems if any • Every zoo shall also prepare a brief summary and an annual report of the activities of the zoo for every financial year particularly • Death of the animals in the zoo with reason of death identified on the basis of • Post-mortem reports • Diagnostic tests.
Q35: Location of Cholistan Wildlife Sanctuary 2
• Cholistan desert • In the South Eastern portion of Punjab
Q36: Location of Margalla hills National park 2
North of the Islamabad City, Capital of Pakistan.

Q2: Which animal is most traded? 2
Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world.

Q3: Habitat of Chukor 2
Lives on barren rocky slopes with sparsely stunted grass and bushes.

• In winters, it comes down to an elevation of 1200-1500 m

• Re ascends in summer to 2500 m.

Q4: Three rules for Zoo 3

Stand of barriers and adequate warning signs shall be provided for keeping the visitors at a safe distance from animals.

All leftover food items and animal excreta shall be removed from each enclosure regularly.

Q5: Threats to Snow Leopard 3

Poaching

Conflict with communities

Shrinking home

Changing climate

Lack of effective law enforcement

Q6: Feeding habit of common peafowl 3

Omnivorous: • Grain and green crops to insects • Small reptiles • Mammals • Berries • Termite • Grasshopper • Ants and beetles. • Roots in high fairly open trees in large number.

Q7: Threats to wild Ass 5

Illegal trade seems to happen primarily on a national level.

• Poaching for meat, hides and fat, is believed to have apparent medicinal properties.

• Overgrazing by livestock reduces food availability, and herders also reduce the availability of water at springs.

The cutting down of nutritious shrubs and bushes exacerbates the problem.

• A series of drought years could have devastating effects on this species

• Habitat fragmentation is a particular concern in Mongolia as result of the increasingly dense network of infrastructure

Q8: Note on Indian Pangolin 5

Scaly Ant eater Manis crassicaudata • Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world

Description

Females usually give birth to one young • Gestation period of 165 days.

Longevity in the wild is unknown • In captivity it has been recorded up to 13 years 2 months

Q9: Characteristics of male Tragopan 5

Q10: Description of Leopard Cat 10

Prionailurus bengalensis

Description

• The leopard cat looks like a miniature, longlegged and more slender version of a leopard.

• Body markings are like leopard; head with stripes.

• Its fur varies highly in colour and markings according to the region.

• Generally spotted body fur coat

• Body length 54-60 cm • Weight 3-4 kg. • Longevity: up to 13 years • Litter size:2-3 cubs

Habitat and Ecology

• Leopard Cats can occur in a wide variety of habitats • Tropical rainforest • Temperate coniferous forest • Shrub forest and successional grasslands

Distribution

Threats

• Leopard cat skins are commercially traded internationally for the fur trade, primarily coats. • Skins are also used as decorations in some parts of its range.

Conservation

• Leopard Cat populations in Bangladesh, India and Thailand are listed on CITES Appendix I

Q11: Write a note on Urial and its subspecies 5

Prominent species sheeps in Pakistan

• Ovis ammon (Marcopolo sheep) • Ovis orientalis • (Urial)

Ovis orientalis

• Urial is a wild sheep with long legs and relatively small horns, native to central Asia • Urial is represented by three sub species in Pakistan.

Ovis orientalis vignei Ladakh Urial or Shapu

• Fur tends to be more greyish in winter and less red. • The chest ruff is comparatively short with black hairs predominating. • The horns turn markedly inwards at their tips

Ovis orientalis blandfordi Afghan or Baluchistan Urial

• Luxuriantly developed neck ruff. • The body fur is reddish • The rams have horns which often develop more than a complete arc • Tips of horn bending slightly outwards

Ovis orientalis punjabiensis Locally called as Punjabi Dunba

• Tend to be smaller and stokier in build compared with the Afghan sub-species • Mature rams develop a conspicuous saddle mark in the form of a vertical band of mixed black and white hairs

• Horns are more massive at their base than the Afghan population • Horns never curve round in more than a complete arc.

Q12: Description of Indian Spotted eagle 3

Description

Q13: Capra Description 3

Description:

• Body length 52 inches, 4.4 feet

• Have strong limbs terminating in broad hooves.

• Female and young male

• Yellow brown to reddish grey

• Male are beautiful with long horn

• White hair in old age

• Male have short beard

• Female black beards • Gestation period: • 150-155 days, 5 months • Twins are common

• Sexual maturity • About 3 years • Gregarious from large herds. • Older male generally keep together

• Wild goat wonderful has sense of balance and can make standing leap upwards. • Food • The leaves and bushes small shrubs and herbs.

Q14: Threats Sand Dune Cat 3

• Habitat degradation and loss are considered to be the major threats to the Sand Cat.

• Many areas are also more heavily frequented by humans, their domestic animals and commensals (i.e. red fox, Vulpes vulpes)

Q15: How many Wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan? 2

In Pakistan presently there are 99 Wildlife Sanctuaries.

Q16: Name the Largest National Park of Pakistan 2

Hingol National Park is the largest in Pakistan

Q17: Explain animal Enclosure 2

• Within herds and groups animals are not unduly dominated by individuals

Q18: Scientific name of Black Buck 2

Scientific Name: Antelope cervicapra

Q19: Scientific name of wild goat 2

Capra aegagrus

Q20: Feeding Habits of barking Deer 3

Diet includes grasses, low growing leaves, tender shoots and fruits.

Q21: Explain Hygiene and feeding in Zoo 3

• This would not affecting the hygiene and cleanliness of zoo • The large and medium zoo shall have an incinerator for disposal of the carcasses and other refuse material

Q22: How can we educate people about wildlife protection?

Q23: How herbicides and pesticides can affect endangered species?

• These are hazardous pollutants that affect wildlife at many levels. • Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain.

• Predators such as hawks, owls and coyotes can be harmed if they eat poisoned animals. • Some amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants

Q24: Short note on Brown Bear

Ursus arctos Grizzly Bear

Description:

• Large animals • Dark in colour • Long guard hair over the shoulder • Characterized by a distinctive humps on shoulders • Long claws on the front paws

Feeding habit:

• Chiefly vegetarian • Feed mostly on fruits, honey and ants. • Occasionally kill sheep and goat.

Threats

Conservation actins

• Conservation actions vary greatly among nations and regions within nations. • Large populations of this species are legally hunted, and thus managed as a game animal.

Q25: Why animals Trapped? 2

• Pets(cats etc.) • Sold for Medical experimental studies (Monkeys, Rabbits etc.) • For street shows, circuses (Bears,Parrots,Lions)

Q26: IUCN definition of National park

Q27: Scientific name of domestic goat 2

Capra hircus

Q28: Not on Indus Dolphin 3

Description

• It has a long beak which thickens towards the tip, large teeth • Body is stocky with rounded belly • Flippers are large and paddle shaped • Forehead is steep • Poorly seeing eye

Habit & Habitat

Distribution Native

• India • Bangladesh • Nepal • Pakistan

Threats

Q29: What is Mintaka means 2

Mintaka means “ Thousand goats

Q30: Hingol National park location

It is located along the Makran coast in southwestern, Balochistan-Pakistan.

Q31: Why hunting of Markhor performed

Markhor hunting for trophy

Q32: Types of Marten

• Two species common to Pakistan are • Stone marten (Martes foina) • Yellow throated marten (Martes flavigula) • The stone marten has a dense fur coat of rich liver chestnut hue

Q33: What is onus proof 2

• When in any proceedings taken under this Act. • Wild animal, trophy or meat shall be presumed to be the property of until the contrary is proved.

(zoo504)

(Wildlife)

Final Term MCQs

Course Instructor

(DR. Mudassir Hassan)

Created by Sadaf Lodhi

Topic 101-201

The enclosures housing the endangered mammalian species shall have feeding and retiring

cubicle/cell of:

minimum dimensions

If any animal is found sick, injured or unduly stressed the matter shall be reported to the _____

for providing treatment expeditiously.

veterinary officer

The zoo operators shall arrange for medical check-ups for the staff responsible for upkeep of

animals at least once in every:

six months

Any animal that dies in a zoo shall be subjected to a detailed:

post-mortem

The findings recorded and maintained for a period of at least:

six years

animal should not be kept without a mate for period exceeding:

one year

Death of the animals in the zoo with reason of death identified on the basis of

Post-mortem reports, Diagnostic tests

Every large and medium zoo shall make arrangements in the form of

Recording, Writings

______ are documents that are meant to guide decisions and to achieve certain goals.

Policies

a safety policy which describes in detail what to do in case of animal escapes, fire, or other

emergencies.

Acquisition & Disposition policy

Master plane:

A master plan should be made for the next:

5 to 25 years

A ______ creates a vision that is supported by policies, guidelines, and priorities.

master plan

The Director, Curators, Architects, Veterinarians, Staff from keeper and Education departments

are a part of:

planning team

______ gives details for the proposal and activities of development for next six years.

Management plan

Term used When there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died

Extinct (EX)

When a taxon is known only to survive in Cultivation, Captivity, Naturalized population (or

populations) well outside the past range.

Extinct in the Wild (EW)

When a taxon is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future

Critically Endangered (CR)

Those which are abundant in their range but are gradually declining in total numbers.

Endangered (EN)

When a taxon is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction

in the wild in the medium-term future.

Vulnerable (VU)

When a taxon has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

Not Evaluated (NE)

The IUCN Red List of threatened species lists ______ of internationally threatened animals

occurring in Pakistan.

45 species

Out of these 45 threatened species, ____ are of mammals

Snow leopards have tails up to ____ in length which help the leopards to balance on steep and

rocky slopes

1 m

Unlike other large cats, snow leopards cannot:

roar

Body size of snow leopards can be up to _____ length Weight up to around____

1.3m, 70kg

The gestation period of snow leopard is _____ days

98 - 104

Snow leopard generally inhabits elevations between:

2000-4000m

Estimated population of the snow leopard is between:

3,920-6,390

There are as few as _____ approximately snow leopards in the wild.

6000

Hyena’s are large sized _____ carnivores

dog like

The ears of hyena’s lack any _______ on their outer margin

bursa or pouch-like fold

In Pakistan, hyena is distributed in Hilly tracks of:

Baluchistan & Sindh

The _____ is a true desert dweller.

Sand Cat

Read the following as an additional info about sand cat!

(Size small ranging from 45-50 cm. Forehead unspotted, Chest creamy white, Height: 24-30 cm

(10-12″), Weight: 1.3-3.4 kg (3-7.5 lbs.), Tail Length: 23-31 cm (9-12″).)

Reproduction

Breeding (sand cat) in the wild is seasonal with births born:

January-April

Sexual maturity in sand cats is reached at about _____ months.

9 – 14

in Pakistan, sand cats are reported in _____ only

Baluchistan

IUCN status of Panther is:

Critically Endangered (CE)

Leopards are sexually dimorphic as males tend to be _____ than females

larger

Typical lifespan oh panther in wild is ______ years

10 to 12

Reproduction:

Typically, panther females stop reproducing around _____ years old.

8.5

The primary threats to Leopards are:

anthropogenic

The Indian wild asses are significantly _____ than donkeys

larger

The belly, buttocks and muzzle of asses are:

white

Biology and Behavior

The ______ gives birth to one foal.

mare

The Asiatic wild ass is included in CITES:

Appendix I

_____ is one of the nine Argali subspecies.

Marco polo sheep

The name ‘Argali' is the Mongolian word for:

wild sheep

_____ of wild sheep have two large corkscrew shaped horns

Males

Biology and Behaviour

Females of wild sheep are sexually mature at:

2 years

Males wild sheep may not sexually mature until:

5 years

Argali are included on Appendix _____ of CITES.

I&II

The bustard is included in ______ of CITES

Appendix I

In_____, dolphins were protected under the Wildlife Act of Sindh.

1972

In 1974 the government of Sindh declared the _____ between the Sukkur and Guddu Barrages a

dolphin reserve.

Indus River

The government of Punjab prohibited deliberate killing of dolphins in the Punjab Wildlife

Protection Act in:

1974

Indus River Dolphin conservation Project (IRDCP)

Since 2000, _______ has been working in collaboration with the Sindh Wildlife Department on

the conservation of the Indus River Dolphins.

WWF-Pakistan

Male falcons usually have weight from:

730 to 990g

Range lifespan of falcons is:

10 years

Falcons are Included in ______ of CITES.

Appendix II

______ is the English name of Indian pangolin.

Scaly Ant eater

______ are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world

Pangolins

Para is the common name of:

Hog Deer

Egyptian fruit bat is Sometimes mistakenly called the:

“Flying Fox”

Description

The Egyptian Fruit Bat is a smaller type of bat, length of about:

six inches

The snout area of Egyptian fruit bats looks very similar to that of a:

canine

Egyptian fruit bats can create very large colonies with often more than _____ members.

1,000

The anti-inflammatory drug ______ has been identified as the cause of mortality of Indian

vulture.

diclofenac

SAVE stands for:

Saving Asia’s Vultures from Extinction

______ is the act of placing organisms into conditions that differ significantly from those

experienced by these organisms in their natural habitats.

Release

_______ is the human-mediated movement of living organisms from one area, with release in

another.

Translocation

The intentional movement and release of an organism inside its indigenous range from which it

has disappeared.

Reintroduction

The leopard cat looks like a miniature, long-legged and more slender version of a:

leopard

In the tropics, leopard cat Fur is _____ with white underparts

yellowish-brown

Jungle cat has tail about ______ of head and body length.

1/3

Jungle Cats feed mainly on prey that weighs less than:

one kilogram

The bobcat is crepuscular, and is active mostly during:

twilight

The biggest threat to Bobcat is its:

fur

The Fishing Cat is largely:

nocturnal

each individual fishing cat eats between _____ rodents per year

365 and 730

The Fishing Cat is killed for consumption as part of a:

cultural practice

The Asiatic Black Bear has been included on CITES Appendix I since:

1979

The _______ is valued for its cosmetic and pharmaceutical properties.

Musk deer

Yield of the musk is only about:

25 grams

Each antler of stag consists of ____ tines.

Five

stag lives in groups of ____ individuals in dense riverine forests and high valleys

2 to 18

The true wild sheep are included in the genus:

Ovis

Gestation Period of wild sheep:

150-180 days

An antelope is a member of a number of _____ ungulate species

even-toed

Nilgai means:

blue cow

Breeding populations of nilgai exist only in _______ plantations.

changa manga and Lal suhanra

The young nilgai spend most of the _____ lying down and standing up only to Suckle.

10 days

The black buck gets their name from the ______ attained on maturity at three years of age.

black pelage of males

Civets are related to cats but are distinguished by their longer:

head and jaws

civets secrete from their anal glands, a greasy substance called ‘civet’ which is used in making:

perfumes

Otters are _____ carnivores.

aquatic

Indian otter is found throughout the lower Indus riverine system of:

Punjab and Sindh

Male peafowls are known as ______ which are members of the pheasant family.

Peacocks

The Peacock is the National bird of:

India

Facts:

Pheasant is a large long-tailed _____ bird.

game

The bird “koklass” is having a long central and two lateral crests on the head called also:

pucras

Tragopans are commonly called:

"horned pheasants"

The word “tragos” means:

goat

Houbara Butard is a large sized:

running bird

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Q1: Define Invasive species? 2

An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species),

and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment,

human economy or human health.

Q2: Which animal is most traded? 2

Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal in the world.

Q3: Habitat of Chukor 2

Lives on barren rocky slopes with sparsely stunted grass and bushes.

• In winters, it comes down to an elevation of 1200-1500 m

• Re ascends in summer to 2500 m.

Q4: Three rules for Zoo 3

Every zoo shall have one full-time officer incharge of the zoo. • The said officer shall be

delegated adequate administrative and financial powers as may be necessary for proper upkeep

and care of zoo.

Stand of barriers and adequate warning signs shall be provided for keeping the visitors at a safe

distance from animals.

All leftover food items and animal excreta shall be removed from each enclosure regularly.

Q5: Threats to Snow Leopard 3

Poaching

Conflict with communities

Shrinking home

Changing climate

Lack of effective law enforcement

Q6: Feeding habit of common peafowl 3

Omnivorous: • Grain and green crops to insects • Small reptiles • Mammals • Berries • Termite •

Grasshopper • Ants and beetles. • Roots in high fairly open trees in large number.

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Q7: Threats to wild Ass 5

Illegal trade seems to happen primarily on a national level.

• Poaching for meat, hides and fat, is believed to have apparent medicinal properties.

• Overgrazing by livestock reduces food availability, and herders also reduce the availability of

water at springs.

The cutting down of nutritious shrubs and bushes exacerbates the problem.

• A series of drought years could have devastating effects on this species

• Habitat fragmentation is a particular concern in Mongolia as result of the increasingly dense

network of infrastructure

Q8: Note on Indian Pangolin 5

Scaly Ant eater Manis crassicaudata • Pangolins are considered to be the most traded wild animal

in the world

Description

• The Indian Pangolin has • Relatively tiny head • Hump-backed body • Thick tapering tail

almost equal in length to its body. They are completely covered with scales • Made of keratin

which is getting harden as the creatures get older. • The scales bear fine longitudinal striation on

their surface. There is hardly any external ear • The muzzle tapers to a narrow, down-curving

snout. • The hind legs are stout and rather columnar with five blunt pinkish white toe nails.

It occurs in various types of tropical forests as well as open land • Grasslands • Degraded habitat,

including in close proximity to villages • The species is thought to adapt well to modified

habitats • Provided its ant and termite prey remains abundant.

Females usually give birth to one young • Gestation period of 165 days.

Longevity in the wild is unknown • In captivity it has been recorded up to 13 years 2 months

Q9: Characteristics of male Tragopan 5

Male grey upper parts and reddish facial skin • Numerous white spots • Each spot bordered with

black and deep crimson patches on the sides and back of the neck. • The throat is bare with blue

skin while the bare facial skin is red. • They have a small black occipital crest. • Weighs 1.8–2.2

kg (4.0– 4.9 lb) • Length from 55–60 cm (22–24 in).

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Q10: Description of Leopard Cat 10

Prionailurus bengalensis

Description

• The leopard cat looks like a miniature, longlegged and more slender version of a leopard.

• Body markings are like leopard; head with stripes.

• Its fur varies highly in colour and markings according to the region.

• Generally spotted body fur coat

• In the tropics • Fur is yellowish brown with white under parts • In the northern part of the

species’ range • Greyish brown thick fur and are also larger and heavier than the ones in the

south

• The size and shape of the black markings covering the body and limbs are also highly variable •

The spots sometimes form lines along the neck and back. • The irises are deep, golden brown to

grey. • Males are larger than females

• Body length 54-60 cm • Weight 3-4 kg. • Longevity: up to 13 years • Litter size:2-3 cubs

Habitat and Ecology

• Leopard Cats can occur in a wide variety of habitats • Tropical rainforest • Temperate

coniferous forest • Shrub forest and successional grasslands

Distribution

• The leopard cat occurs throughout most of India • West into Pakistan and Afghanistan • Its

range extends into the Himalayan foothills • Across most of China • North to the Korean

peninsula and into the Russian Far East.

Threats

• Leopard cat skins are commercially traded internationally for the fur trade, primarily coats. •

Skins are also used as decorations in some parts of its range.

Conservation

• Leopard Cat populations in Bangladesh, India and Thailand are listed on CITES Appendix I

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Q11: Write a note on Urial and its subspecies 5

Prominent species sheeps in Pakistan

• Ovis ammon (Marcopolo sheep) • Ovis orientalis • (Urial)

Ovis orientalis

• Urial is a wild sheep with long legs and relatively small horns, native to central Asia • Urial is

represented by three sub species in Pakistan.

Ovis orientalis vignei Ladakh Urial or Shapu

• Fur tends to be more greyish in winter and less red. • The chest ruff is comparatively short with

black hairs predominating. • The horns turn markedly inwards at their tips

Ovis orientalis blandfordi Afghan or Baluchistan Urial

• Luxuriantly developed neck ruff. • The body fur is reddish • The rams have horns which often

develop more than a complete arc • Tips of horn bending slightly outwards

Ovis orientalis punjabiensis Locally called as Punjabi Dunba

• Tend to be smaller and stokier in build compared with the Afghan sub-species • Mature rams

develop a conspicuous saddle mark in the form of a vertical band of mixed black and white hairs

• Horns are more massive at their base than the Afghan population • Horns never curve round in

more than a complete arc.

Q12: Description of Indian Spotted eagle 3

Description

• A medium-sized eagle about 60 cm in length and has a wingspan of 150 cm with a short tail. •

Adults are essentially brown • The legs appear longer and thinner due to the tarsii being less

thickly feathered. • This species has a lighter coloration overall compared to its relatives • with a

darker iris that makes the eyes appear darker than the plumage • The young birds are giving a

spotted appearance • Glossy brown • Tips of the head and neck feathers being creamy.

• The upper tail coverts are light brown with white giving a barred appearance. • The median

coverts have large creamy spots. • After about eighteen months the bird moults and becomes a

darker shade and has less spots.

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Q13: Capra Description 3

Description:

• Body length 52 inches, 4.4 feet

• Have strong limbs terminating in broad hooves.

• Female and young male

• Yellow brown to reddish grey

• Male are beautiful with long horn

• White hair in old age

• Male have short beard

• Female black beards • Gestation period: • 150-155 days, 5 months • Twins are common

• Sexual maturity • About 3 years • Gregarious from large herds. • Older male generally keep

together

• Wild goat wonderful has sense of balance and can make standing leap upwards. • Food • The

leaves and bushes small shrubs and herbs.

Q14: Threats Sand Dune Cat 3

• Habitat degradation and loss are considered to be the major threats to the Sand Cat.

• Many areas are also more heavily frequented by humans, their domestic animals and

commensals (i.e. red fox, Vulpes vulpes)

• Arid ecosystems are being rapidly converted. • Infrastructural development • Human settlement

and activity • Degradation occur through livestock grazing • Desert ecosystems, caused a decline

in prey base.

• Introduction of feral and domestic dogs and cats • Creating direct competition for prey and

through predation and disease transmission. • They are also killed in traps laid out by inhabitants

of oases targeting Red Fox, Rüppel’s Fox and Golden Wolf (jackal) Canis anthus

• They are also killed in retaliation for killing chickens or Houbara and MacQueen's bustard •

Locally, Sand Cats may be threatened by the pet trade • In Iran, Sand Cats are reported to get

killed by shepherd dogs and trapped in snares set for other species.

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Q15: How many Wildlife Sanctuaries in Pakistan? 2

In Pakistan presently there are 99 Wildlife Sanctuaries.

Q16: Name the Largest National Park of Pakistan 2

Hingol National Park is the largest in Pakistan

Q17: Explain animal Enclosure 2

Essential features regarding animal enclosures are: • All animal enclosures in zoo shall be so

designed as to fully ensure the safety of • Animals • Caretakers • Visitors, • Stand of barriers and

adequate warning signs shall be provided for keeping the visitors at a safe distance from animals.

• All animal enclosures in a zoo shall be so designed as the meet the full biological requirements

of the animals housed therein. • The enclosures shall be of such size as to ensure that the animals

get space for their free movement and exercise.

• Within herds and groups animals are not unduly dominated by individuals

Q18: Scientific name of Black Buck 2

Scientific Name: Antelope cervicapra

Q19: Scientific name of wild goat 2

Capra aegagrus

Q20: Feeding Habits of barking Deer 3

Diet includes grasses, low growing leaves, tender shoots and fruits.

Q21: Explain Hygiene and feeding in Zoo 3

Maintenance of hygiene is important in every walk of life. • Every zoo shall have ensure timely

supply of wholesome and unadulterated food. • The food must be in sufficient quantity to each

animal according to the requirement of the individual animal, so that no animal remains

undernourished.

• Every zoo shall have provide for a proper waste disposal system for treating both the solid and

liquid wastes generated in the zoo. • All left over food items and animal excreta shall be removed

from each enclosure regularly.

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

• Waste disposal should be done in a congenial manner to general cleanliness of the zoo. • The

zoo operators shall make available round the clock supply of potable water for drinking purposes

in each enclosure.

• This would not affecting the hygiene and cleanliness of zoo • The large and medium zoo shall

have an incinerator for disposal of the carcasses and other refuse material

Q22: How can we educate people about wildlife protection?

• At the formal level, schools, colleges and universities should include in the curriculum, the

study of ecology, wildlife and conservation. • The creation of awareness and right attitude

towards wildlife and their conservation.

• Active involvement of Mass media such as newspapers and magazines, radio and television. •

Awareness among public about National parks and sanctuaries, zoological parks and natural

history museums.

• Cinematography on wildlife and the necessity for conservation should be screened even to the

remotest villages and to all classes of students, so that they develop love and affection towards

wildlife.

Q23: How herbicides and pesticides can affect endangered species?

• Certain herbicides and pesticides are horrible pollutants that causing severe damage to the

environment and animals dependent upon. • Find alternative ways to reduce negative effect on

the wildlife in the area.

• These are hazardous pollutants that affect wildlife at many levels. • Many herbicides and

pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain.

• Predators such as hawks, owls and coyotes can be harmed if they eat poisoned animals. • Some

amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants

Q24: Short note on Brown Bear

Ursus arctos Grizzly Bear

Description:

• Large animals • Dark in colour • Long guard hair over the shoulder • Characterized by a

distinctive humps on shoulders • Long claws on the front paws

• Sexual maturity: 4.5 to 7 years of age. • Litter size ranges from one to four but two are

common. • Cubs remain with their mothers for at least two and half years. • Female breed every

three years.

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Feeding habit:

• Chiefly vegetarian • Feed mostly on fruits, honey and ants. • Occasionally kill sheep and goat.

Threats

• Brown Bears are attracted to areas with available human-related foods • Being large and

somewhat aggressive, these bears may threaten life and property (often agricultural products)

and may be killed as a consequence

Conservation actins

• Conservation actions vary greatly among nations and regions within nations. • Large

populations of this species are legally hunted, and thus managed as a game animal.

Q25: Why animals Trapped? 2

• Pets(cats etc.) • Sold for Medical experimental studies (Monkeys, Rabbits etc.) • For street

shows, circuses (Bears,Parrots,Lions)

Q26: IUCN definition of National park

Large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes, which

also provide a foundation for environmentally scientific, educational, recreational and visitor

opportunities.

Q27: Scientific name of domestic goat 2

Capra hircus

Q28: Not on Indus Dolphin 3

Description

• It has a long beak which thickens towards the tip, large teeth • Body is stocky with rounded

belly • Flippers are large and paddle shaped • Forehead is steep • Poorly seeing eye

• Eye hasn't developed a lens, the dolphin still uses its eyes to differentiate between light and

dark • Tail flukes are broad in relation to body size • Grey brown in colour, sometimes with a

pinkish belly • Males smaller than females • Length 1.5 and 2.5m.

Habit & Habitat

•These dolphins favour silt laden, turbid waters of the Indus river system, • At temperature 8C°

and 33C° •Deepest river channel •Deep, low-velocity water •Less common in secondary

channels and small braids

ZOO504 Solved current Questions Spring 2018 final term

Distribution Native

• India • Bangladesh • Nepal • Pakistan

Threats

• Human development • The construction of dams and dikes segments the populations reducing

the mature individuals to mate • It also reduces their habitat because they cannot move freely

through these structures.

Q29: What is Mintaka means 2

Mintaka means “ Thousand goats

Q30: Hingol National park location

It is located along the Makran coast in southwestern, Balochistan-Pakistan.

Q31: Why hunting of Markhor performed

Markhor hunting for trophy

Q32: Types of Marten

• Two species common to Pakistan are • Stone marten (Martes foina) • Yellow throated marten

(Martes flavigula) • The stone marten has a dense fur coat of rich liver chestnut hue

Q33: What is onus proof 2

• When in any proceedings taken under this Act. • Wild animal, trophy or meat shall be

presumed to be the property of until the contrary is proved.

Q34: How record in zoo is maintained

Every zoo shall keep the record of all animals in terms of their • Birth • Acquisitions • Sales •

Disposals • Death

Every zoo shall prepare and maintain an inventory record • Zoo ID • Animal ID • Scientific

name • Sex • Origin • Birth • Parents • Death • Out of stock

Every zoo shall prepare and maintain a daily record : • Health • Behavior • Feed and Feeding •

Management • Health Care • Problems if any • Every zoo shall also prepare a brief summary and

an annual report of the activities of the zoo for every financial year particularly • Death of the

animals in the zoo with reason of death identified on the basis of • Post-mortem reports •

Diagnostic tests.

Q35: Location of Cholistan Wildlife Sanctuary 2

• Cholistan desert • In the South Eastern portion of Punjab

Q36: Location of Margalla hills National park 2

North of the Islamabad City, Capital of Pakistan.

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Final Term MCQs

Q1: About ----------- % of domestic food crops now cultivated are descendants of wild plants

90%

Q2: ------------- determine any wild life species found in any are

Habitat

Q3: Wild birds and animal preservation act was presented in

1912

Q4: The penalty of breaking wild life act is imprisonment which may extend to a period of

One year

Q5: The primary objective of habitat specie management area is to maintain, conserve and

restore specie and------------------

Habitat

Q6: National Parks belong to category

Category II

Q7: Chinji National Park is located close salt range about ----------------- km from Islamabad in

the south

130

Q8: IUCN recognized -------------- game / hunting reserve in Pakistan

Q9: ------------- is a common wetland plant and is a staple diet of more than half of humanity

Rice

Q10: -------------- created 1st wild animal menagerie in Britain

King Henry I

Q11: For the maintenance of hygienic conditions each zoo shall have ---------- where carcass of

dead animals can be buried

Graveyard

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q12: Death of animal in the zoo with reason of death identified on the basis of

Post-mortem report

Q13: There are as few as --------------- approximately snow leopard in the wild

6000

Q14: Poaching for meat, hides, and fat is believed to have apparent ---------- properties

Medicinal

Q15: Navigation is done by ----------------- system in the Indus Dolphin

Echolocation

Q16: The anti-inflammatory drug -------------- has been identified as a cause of mortality of

Indian Vultures

Diclofenac

Q17: Urial is locally called as Punjabi

Dunba

Q18: The ------------ throated Marton is considerably larger in size than the stone marten

Yellow

Q19: The eggs of Chukor hatch in about 23 to ------------ days

Q20: In brown bear sexual maturity is from --------------- years of age

4.5 to 7

Q21: Long term declines of Kingfisher are thought to be due to chemical and ------------- River

pollution

Biological

Q22: Sexes in Koklass are moderately ----------------

Dimorphic

Q23: Civets are related to -------- but distinguished by the long head and jaws

Cats

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q24: Foxes are small to medium sized -------- mammals

Omnivorous

Q25: Body length of Capra is ---------- inches

Q26: Musk deer can refer to anyone or all ------------- of the species that make up mouschus

Seven

Q27: Barking deer is little dainty creature and weights about 22 to ------------ kg

Q28: Body color of Jungle Cat is sandy -------------

Grey

Q29: The bones of leopard cat are used in some traditional ----------- medicine

Asian

Q30: Deliberate movement of organism from one site for -------------- in another is called

conservative translocation

Release

Q31: Hog deer is fully protected in Bangladesh and -------------

India

Q32: Woolly flying squirrels native habitat is in

Pakistan

Q33: The name is argali is the ------------ word for wild sheep

Mongolian

Q34: Coat of panther ranges from Tawny or light --------------- on warm

Yellow

Q35: ---------------- fur patterned marking is the perfect camouflage for snow leopard in rocky

habitat allowing them to stalk on their prey

Think

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q36: Eagle, Hawks, and their feathers are great cultural, spiritual value native --------- as

religious objects

Americans

Q37: A master plan should made for the next 5 to ------------- years

Q38: Madras wild elephant preservation act was presented in

1873

Q39: Wild animals that can be hunted on an ordinary ---------------- with the details of everything

is mentioned

Permit

Q40: A protected area where the interaction of people and nature overtime produced an area of

distinct character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value is called

Seascape

ZOO504 MCQs Midterm Spring 2018

Q1: --------------determine any wildlife species found in any area

Habitat

Q2: In some forested area in Latin America wildlife acts as an animal -------- source

Protein

Q3: In Pakistan ----------- is the only sports

Fishing

Q4: ------------ in South Africa attack young cattles

Baboons

Q5: A wild bird and animal protection act was presented in

1912

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q6: --------- projects in more than 60 nations around the world that are intended to help wild life

and wild places in which they live

500

Q7: There are currently--------- specialist groups

112

Q8: A penalty of breaking wildlife act is imprisonment which may extend to period of -------year

with the fine

One Year

Q9: In category Ib some wilderness areas includes --------- by nomadic people and distinctions

may need to make between intensive and non intensive grazing

Livestock grazing

Q10: A protected area where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced and

area of distinct character with significance Ecological, cultural and scenic value

Seascape

Q11: National parks belong to category

II (two)

Q12: Hazarganji Chiltan national park was established in

1978

Q13: In wildlife sanctuary public access is -----------

Prohibited

Q14: Cholistan Wildlife sanctuary is part of Cholistan ------------

Desert

Q15: Tooshi game reserve covers ---------- hectors

1000

Q16: ----------- is common wetland plant and is a staple diet of more than half of the humanity

Rice

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q17: ------------- pose major threat to wetland despite their value and importance

Unmanaged Activities

Q18: ------------ are susceptible to degradation if subjected to hydrological change

Wetland plants

Q19: Each zoo shall has wall at least ---------- high from ground level

2 meter

Q20: Which of the following is known as the game bird?

Houbara Bustard

Q21: -------------- on wildlife and necessity for the conservation should be screened even to the

remotest villages and to all classes of students, so that they develop love and affection towards

wildlife

Cinematography

Q22: In Pakistan Lal Suhanra at Bahawalpur conserves ---------

Black Buck

Q23: In schedule III wildlife bird and animal protected throughout the ------------

Year

Q24: Protected areas are particularly adapted to the applications of --------

Landscape

Q25: Lal Suhanra Park located in

Bahawalpur

Q26: “Gol” means

Valley

Q27: ---------- is used in skin care

Salix Alba

Q28: There are -------- criteria for indentify the wetland reserve

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q29: Worldwide there are now over ------- dams which alter the natural flow and impact on

existing ecosystems

40,000

Q30: Zoos reinforce the notion of -------- domination over non human animals, which is never

beneficial to animals

Human

Q31: Which of the following is endemic specie?

Galapagos Fauna

Q32: Eagle, Hawks and their feathers have great cultural and spiritual value to native -------- as

religious objective

Americans

Q33: Elephants eat up to ------------ kg of food

450

Q34: --------------- is indentified as main threat to 85% of all species described in the IUCN red

list

Habitat Destruction

Q35: Honorary officials hold office for a period of ------------ years where appointment is

revoked earlier

Three year

Q36: Wild animals that can be hunted on an ordinary ------------- with the details of everything is

mentioned

Permit

Q37: In national park the composition structure of function of Biodiversity should be to a great

degree in a ---------------- state

Natural

Q38: Margalla Hill National Park rich in Biodiversity with --------- plant species

600

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q39: -------------------- Sanctuaries give new home to abandoned animals

Animal

Q40: Baltistan wildlife sanctuary was established in

1975

Q41: In an estimate that walking -------------- km to water is not unnatural for animal

Q42: ------------ are among the most diverse and productive ecosystem

Wetlands

Q43: The objectives of zoo is to complement and strengthen the national effort is conservation of

the rich biodiversity of the country particularly ------------------------

The Fauna

Q44: Wild life is -------------- resource with a great importance throughout world.

Natural renewable

Q45: Madras Wild Elephant Preservation Act-------

1873

Q46: IUCN was founded in

1948

Q47: The SSC is governed by a Steering Committee, which is headed by the -------- Chair.

Commission

Q48: IWC is stand for

International Whaling Commission or IS short form of (I.W.C)

Q49: The Ministry of -------- is the responsible authority for National Parks.

Interior

Q50: Chinji National Park is located close to Salt Range, about ------ from Islamabad in the south

130 km

ZOO504 MCQs Final and Midterm spring 2018

Q51: Astore Wildlife Sanctuary is located at

Gilgit– Baltistan, Pakistan

Q52: ----------- created the first wild animal menagerie in Britain

King Henry I

Q53: Every zoo shall have ------------ full-time officer in charge of the zoo.

One

Q54: Coniferous trees have

Pinecones

Q55: National Parks in Pakistan

Q56: IUCN recognized ----------- game reserve

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